Sciatica...a real pain in the 🍑

Sciatica: What It Is, How Common It Is, and What Actually Helps...

Sciatica is a term used to describe pain caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve—the largest nerve in the body. Rather than being a diagnosis itself, sciatica is a set of symptoms that usually include pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness that travels from the lower back or buttock down the leg.

What causes sciatica?

Sciatica most commonly occurs when structures in the lower spine place pressure on a nerve root. Evidence shows the most frequent causes include:

• Lumbar disc herniation

• Degenerative changes in the spine

• Narrowing of spinal spaces (spinal stenosis)

Pain may worsen with sitting, bending, coughing, or prolonged inactivity, but symptoms vary widely between individuals.

How common is sciatica?

Research suggests that 5–10% of people with low back pain experience sciatica, and lifetime prevalence is estimated to be up to 40%. It is most common in adults aged 30–50 and affects both active and sedentary populations.

What is the prognosis?

The outlook for sciatica is generally very good. High-quality evidence shows that:

• Most cases improve within 6–12 weeks

• Many people recover without surgery

• Staying active leads to better outcomes than rest

However, symptoms can persist or recur if underlying movement, strength, or load-management issues are not addressed.

How is sciatica best treated?

Current clinical guidelines recommend a conservative, active approach as first-line care.

Manual therapy, when combined with exercise, has been shown to help reduce pain and improve movement in people with sciatica. This may include hands-on techniques aimed at improving spinal and soft-tissue mobility and reducing sensitivity.

Equally important is rehabilitation exercise, which focuses on:

• Improving spinal and hip movement

• Restoring strength and control

• Gradually increasing tolerance to daily and sporting activities

Working with a qualified therapist ensures that treatment is individualised, progressive, and based on current evidence rather than passive or outdated approaches.

Key takeaways

• Sciatica is common and usually not dangerous

• Most people recover well with the right support

• Manual therapy plus structured rehabilitation is more effective than rest alone

• Early, active management improves long-term outcomes

If you’re experiencing leg pain linked to your back, an evidence-based assessment and tailored rehab plan can help you move with confidence again.